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Gain of FunctionBy: Nicholas G. Evans Series: The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series How a small number of risky experiments creates many unwieldy problems for life science research. The life sciences have never been more critical to human health, wealth, and security. But with any endeavor comes risk, and the last decade has seen concerns raised about gain of function research in which a microbe, usually a virus, is given new properties like enhanced lethality,
By: Nicholas G. Evans | Series: The MIT Press Essential Knowledge seriesHow a small number of risky experiments creates many unwieldy problems for life science research.
The life sciences have never been more critical to human health, wealth, and security. But with any endeavor comes risk, and the last decade has seen concerns raised about gain-of function-research in which a microbe, usually a virus, is given new properties like enhanced lethality, transmissibility, or the capability to infect new species. In 2021 the term seeped into the tabloids when a conflict between Senator Rand Paul and Dr. Anthony Fauci arose over the origins of COVID-19. In Gain of Function, Nicholas Evans—who has spent his career studying gain-of-function research—describes what this kind of research is, what it isn’t, and why a small number of scientific experiments continues to make headlines.
Evans begins with a description of what gain-of-function research is in science, and what it means in government policy. He tells the story of the original papers that sparked controversy more than a decade ago, unpacking them for readers unfamiliar with virology research, and he identifies where and why policymakers and scientists alike became concerned. He then turns to the history of policies that attempt to regulate gain-of-function research, the current controversies, and the ethics of risky research. He concludes with the future of gain of function, including how debates about gain of function will influence science and public health in years to come.
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★★★★★ 5
Cheap but expected, worked as intended, none of them broke.
Size: 1000 Teaspoons
Seems to be cheap quality but what else can you expect for the price? I needed something cheap that would work for cold foods, and these delivered. They lasted me forever and I didn’t have any break, I just didn’t trust them with super hot foods. I will buy again in a heartbeat though because for everything else they work great. They are small spoons that don’t hold much, bend easily, are really lightweight and I wish they came in portions or wraps because after opening they sat there collecting dust through the hole in the box and so I had to transfer them to a closed container for sanitary purposes. Again though, I didn’t really expect anything else, so I’m happy regardless.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 26, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Great stirring spoons
Size: 1000 Teaspoons
Great price. Cheapest spoons for stirring. Don't expect to eat ice cream with them though. Me happy.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 15, 2026
★★★★★ 4
Pretty pathetic spoons, fantastic price to quantity ratio
Size: 1000 Teaspoons
Weak, not very rigid. But you can't beat the price or quantity!
Don't serve these at a party, you will be made fun of.
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Reviewed in the United States on January 28, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Spoon
Size: 1000 Teaspoons
Great quality plastic utensils! Very sturdy, durable, and perfect for everyday use or events. Definitely exceeded my expectations.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 19, 2026
★★★★★ 3
They will work just not great for ice cream or snow cones
Size: 1000 Teaspoons
These are not very good quality but the quantity was good for the money
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Reviewed in the United States on May 1, 2026