SKU: 52468125489

Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307-337 AE3 BI Nummus / ANGELS OF VICTORY NGC (69)

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Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307-337 AE3 BI Nummus / ANGELS OF VICTORY NGC (69)Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307 337 AE3 BI Nummus Obverse: Laureate bust left. Reverse: Two Victories (Nikes) standing, facing each other, together holding shield reading VOT PR on cippus. In ancient Roman religion, Victoria or Victory was the personified goddess of victory. She is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Nike, and was associated with Bellona. She was adapted from the Sabine agricultural goddess Vacuna and had a temple on the



Roman Empire



Constantine I AD 307-337

AE3 BI  Nummus

Obverse: Laureate bust left.

Reverse: Two Victories (Nikes) standing, facing each other, together holding
shield reading VOT/PR on cippus.



In ancient Roman religion, Victoria or
Victory was the personified goddess of victory. She is the Roman equivalent of
the Greek goddess Nike, and was associated with Bellona. She was adapted from
the Sabine agricultural goddess Vacuna and had a temple on the Palatine Hill.
The goddess Vica Pota was also sometimes identified with Victoria.



Unlike the Greek Nike, the goddess Victoria (Latin for "victory") was a major
part of Roman society. Multiple temples were erected in her honor. When her
statue was removed in 382 CE by Emperor Gratianus there was much anger in Rome.
She was normally worshiped by triumphant generals returning from war.



Also unlike the Greek Nike, who was known for success in athletic games such as
chariot races, Victoria was a symbol of victory over death and determined who
would be successful during war.



Victoria appears widely on Roman coins, jewelry, architecture, and other arts.
She is often seen with or in a chariot, as in the late 18th-century sculpture
representing Victory in a quadriga on the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany;
"Il Vittoriano" in Rome has two.



Winged figures, very often in pairs, representing victory and referred to as
"victories", were common in Roman official iconography, typically hovering high
in a composition, and often filling spaces in spandrels or other gaps in
architecture. These represent the spirit of victory rather than the goddess
herself. They continued to appear after Christianization of the Empire, and
slowly mutated into Christian angels.



Constantine I 'The Great' - Roman Emperor:
307-337 A.D.



Caesar (Recognized): 306-309 A.D. | Filius Augustorum (Recognized): 309-310 A.D.
| Augustus (Self-Proclaimed): 307-310 A.D. | Augustus (Recognized): 310-337 A.D.
|



| Son of Constantius I 'Chlorus' and Helena | Step-son of Theodora | Husband of
Minervina and Fausta | Father (by Minervina) of Crispus and (by Fausta) of
Constantine II, Constantius II, Constans, Constantina (wife of Hanniballianus &
Constantius Gallus) and Helena the Younger (wife of Julian II) | Son-in-law of
Maximian and Eutropia | Brother-in-law of Maxentius | Half-brother of Constantia
(w. of Licinius I) | Half-uncle of Delmatius, Hanniballianus, Constantius
Gallus, Julian II, Licinius II and Nepotian | Grandfather of Constantia (wife of
Gratian) |



Constantine the Great (Latin: Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus;
27 February c. 272 AD - 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint
Constantine (in the Orthodox Church as Saint Constantine the Great,
Equal-to-the-Apostles), was a Roman Emperor from 306 to 337 AD. Constantine was
the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman army officer, and his consort
Helena. His father became Caesar, the deputy emperor in the west in 293 AD.
Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military
tribune under the emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius was
raised to the rank of Augustus, senior western emperor, and Constantine was
recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain). Acclaimed as
emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in
306 AD, Constantine emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against the
emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by
324 AD.



As emperor, Constantine enacted many administrative, financial, social, and
military reforms to strengthen the empire. The government was restructured and
civil and military authority separated. A new gold coin, the solidus, was
introduced to combat inflation. It would become the standard for Byzantine and
European currencies for more than a thousand years. The first Roman emperor to
claim conversion to Christianity, Constantine played an influential role in the
proclamation of the Edict of Milan in 313, which decreed tolerance for
Christianity in the empire. He called the First Council of Nicaea in 325, at
which the Nicene Creed was professed by Christians. In military matters, the
Roman army was reorganised to consist of mobile field units and garrison
soldiers capable of countering internal threats and barbarian invasions.
Constantine pursued successful campaigns against the tribes on the Roman
frontiers-the Franks, the Alamanni, the Goths, and the Sarmatians-even
resettling territories abandoned by his predecessors during the Crisis of the
Third Century.



The age of Constantine marked a distinct epoch in the history of the Roman
Empire. He built a new imperial residence at Byzantium and renamed the city
Constantinople after himself (the laudatory epithet of "New Rome" came later,
and was never an official title). It would later become the capital of the
Empire for over one thousand years; for which reason the later Eastern Empire
would come to be known as the Byzantine Empire. His more immediate political
legacy was that, in leaving the empire to his sons, he replaced Diocletian's
tetrarchy with the principle of dynastic succession. His reputation flourished
during the lifetime of his children and centuries after his reign. The medieval
church upheld him as a paragon of virtue while secular rulers invoked him as a
prototype, a point of reference, and the symbol of imperial legitimacy and
identity. Beginning with the Renaissance, there were more critical appraisals of
his reign due to the rediscovery of anti-Constantinian sources. Critics
portrayed him as a tyrant. Trends in modern and recent scholarship attempted to
balance the extremes of previous scholarship.



Constantine is a significant figure in the history of Christianity. The Church
of the Holy Sepulchre, built on his orders at the purported site of Jesus' tomb
in Jerusalem, became the holiest place in Christendom. The Papal claim to
temporal power in the High Middle Ages was based on the supposed Donation of
Constantine. He is venerated as a saint by Eastern Orthodox, Byzantine
Catholics, and Anglicans.








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Kat
Omaha, US
★★★★★ 5
a quiet life???
This is a short story collection like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie have for Holmes and Poirot/Marple. The characters remind me of the Phryne Fisher books. There are four stories in Book 1 A Quiet Life in the Country Lady Emily Hartcastle and her maid Miss Florence Armstrong are enjoying some time in the country in the small town of Littleton Cotterell when they come across a dead body. They find out that it is Frank Pickering, a local man and it is thought that he committed suicide. But investigating, it seems that he has been murdered. Who did it and why? The Circus comes to town Lady Hartcastle meets an old friend George who is the manager who for a circus that has come to town. The next day, the juggler Hubert 'Huey' Parving is found dead mawled in a cage and then others began to die. Who is behind this? The Case of the Missing Case Lady Hartcastle and Flo go to the engagement party of young Clarissa Farley-Strouds. The next day, Nelson Holloway, the trumpet player with that night's entertainment - Roland Richman's Ragtime Revue. Who killed him? As they investigate, the clues lead them to possible cursed stolen jewel. The Half-Death of Gunther Ehrlichmann Florence recounts her life before and after meeting Lady and Lord Hartcastle as she and Lady Hartcastle along with Lady Hartcastle's brother hunt down a killer. Each story is tied into the other, but exciting! Must read!
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Reviewed in the United States on May 20, 2016
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Cynthia D. Vosler
Birmingham, US
★★★★★ 5
Great read!
Format: Kindle
Absolutely enjoyable read. Great characters, can't wait for their next adventure! If you like enjoyable fast reads a good mystery and some delightful laughs this series is for you!
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Reviewed in the United States on April 12, 2026
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Sophia Rose
Cuba, US
★★★★★ 4
Fun Seeing Where it All Begins for the Fantastic Amateur Detecting Duo
Format: Audiobook
I started with book three in this series, progressed forward, and finally took the opportunity to go back and get the first book in the series. The whimsical, cozy mystery paired with historical Edwardian setting was light and whimsical. Actually, when I started listening, I realized that the first book introduced Lady Hardcastle and her ladies' maid, Florence Armstrong along with their new home and the other regular characters, in such a way that it didn't feel like the first book so much as the first of the stories that had been recorded. There are hints of their unusual, dangerous work abroad and no big explanation why the pair happened to be set upon 'a quiet life in the country' or why Lady Hardcastle and Florence have a relationship that is nearly family rather than an employer and servant from separate classes. The author trickles out the details and the reader/listener must catch them and piece them together as they go. Because I had experienced later books, those pieces stuck out easily to me. The meeting with Inspector Sunderland and the local villagers and neighborhood was fun. There are two murder mysteries that have interesting crossover people and facts. One seems to involve a dead man from the village cricket team whose death was meant to appear like a suicide and then later, the death of a rag-time band trumpeteer that played at the engagement party of the local squire's daughter. A theft is tossed in for good measure. I figured out one of the murders and part of the theft and the second murder, but the ultimate solution took me by surprise. Loved seeing the intrepid Flo able to get in some of her martial arts ability and spend time trailing along as they teased out the solution along side Inspector Sunderland. Elizabeth Knowelden is an absolute gem of a narrator and the voice of this series for me. She laid out the Edwardian country village world, the variety of genders and accents, and kept the pace and tone for this series just right. All in all, I thought this first entry was as fabulous as the later books and do not hesitate to put it out there as a good bet for historical cozy mystery lovers.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 22, 2019
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Leond
Birmingham, US
★★★★★ 5
Must read!!!!
Format: Paperback, Format: Paperback
Surprise plot intertwined with story of loss, grief, family and sibling relationships. The book starts off normally and twists and turns. Could not put book down. Great writing and plot development. Can’t wait to read more by this author.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 25, 2026
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Josh Mauthe
Los Angeles, US
★★★★★ 4
A story about what's left behind after death, both emotionally & spiritually - oh, and evil puppets
Format: Kindle
It takes a bit for Grady Hendrix's How to Sell a Haunted House to get to the "haunted" part of that title, but that's okay, really; what Hendrix is interested in here, as much as anything, is haunting in terms of the literal things left behind by death - the traumas that are left for those who survive, the guilt, the shame, the baggage, and all of the other things left behind by those who went before us. And, in the case of Louise and Mark Joyner, puppets. Lots and lots and lots of puppets. Oh, and one of them might be alive and malevolent, turning all of that metaphorical trauma into a very real presence (and, without getting into spoiler territory, all without losing that symbolic weight) - and one that allows Hendrix to bring real horror into the story of an estranged pair of siblings forced back into contact in the weight of their parents' death, and the reckoning that they have to go through as they deal with painful memories and a nightmare puppet. The end result can feel a little cluttered at times (although, by the end, it turns out to be a lot more interconnected and structured than you might realize along the way), and it doesn't help that it features some very fraught family interactions that cross from "painful" to "infuriating" very quickly. But as ever with Hendrix, there's more heart and emotion here than you might expect, and while it's all handled in his usual slightly off-kilter and unique sensibility, it still knows how to deliver the goods both on a horror front and a character one. I'd put it among the weakest of Hendrix's efforts overall, but there's a caveat here, and it's that I don't think anything he's read has ever been anything less than entertaining and solid overall, so even a weaker entry? Still a good time and a good read.
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Reviewed in the United States on October 8, 2023

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